William Henry Joseph Bonaparte Bertholf Smith, known as Willie "The Lion" Smith, was born on November 23, 1893, in Goshen, New York, and passed away on April 18, 1973, in New York City. He was a prominent figure in the jazz and stride piano genres, celebrated for his contributions during the Harlem Renaissance. Smith was part of the "big three" stride pianists, alongside James P. Johnson and Fats Waller, and was a key influence on musicians like Duke Ellington.

Smith's early life was marked by a diverse heritage, with his mother, Ida Oliver, having Spanish, Negro, and Mohawk Indian ancestry, and his father, Frank Bertholf, being Jewish. Raised in Newark, New Jersey, Smith began playing piano at the age of six and was performing in clubs by fourteen. His stepfather, John Smith, influenced his upbringing, and the family lived in a large household.

During World War I, Smith served in the Army, earning the nickname "The Lion" for his bravery. After the war, he became a central figure in Harlem's jazz scene, known for his original style and charismatic personality. Despite his association with the 1920s, Smith's recording career began in earnest in 1933, although he had earlier recorded with Mamie Smith and other groups.

Throughout the 1920s, Smith performed in various clubs and was known for his participation in rent parties, where he showcased his stride piano skills. His influence extended to mentoring younger musicians, including Artie Shaw, Joe Bushkin, and Mel Powell. Smith's legacy is marked by his lyrical compositions, generous spirit, and lasting impact on jazz music.