Paul Vaughn Butterfield (December 17, 1942 – May 4, 1987) was an influential American blues harmonica player, singer, and bandleader. Born in Chicago, Illinois, Butterfield was initially trained as a classical flautist before developing a passion for the blues harmonica. Immersing himself in the vibrant Chicago blues scene, he learned from legendary figures such as Muddy Waters and Howlin' Wolf. In 1963, he formed the Paul Butterfield Blues Band, which became known for its innovative blend of electric Chicago blues and rock, and was one of the first racially integrated blues bands.

The band gained significant popularity in the late 1960s, performing at iconic venues and festivals such as the Fillmore West, the Fillmore East, the Monterey Pop Festival, and Woodstock. Their music was characterized by a pioneering jazz fusion style and a rock edge that resonated with audiences. After the band disbanded in 1971, Butterfield continued to perform and record, collaborating with artists like Muddy Waters and members of The Band.

Butterfield's harmonica playing was highly regarded, and he developed a unique style that earned him a place among the greatest blues harp players. In recognition of his contributions to music, he was inducted into the Blues Hall of Fame in 2006 and the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2015. Despite his success, Butterfield's life was marked by personal struggles, and he died of an accidental drug overdose in 1987 at the age of 44. His legacy endures as a pivotal figure in bringing blues music to a broader audience.