Sir Joseph Barnby (12 August 1838 – 28 January 1896) was a distinguished English composer and conductor, born in York, England. The son of organist Thomas Barnby, Joseph exhibited musical talent early, becoming a chorister at York Minster at age seven and an organist by twelve. He furthered his studies at the Royal Academy of Music in London under Cipriani Potter and Charles Lucas.

Barnby held several significant positions throughout his career. In 1862, he became the organist at St Andrew's, Wells Street, London, where he significantly elevated the quality of choral services. He was instrumental in performing liturgical music composed by women in the Church of England for the first time. Barnby also formed "Barnby's Choir" in 1864, which performed at prominent venues like St James's Hall and Exeter Hall.

In 1871, he succeeded Charles Gounod as the conductor of the Royal Albert Hall Choral Society, a position he retained until his death. His tenure at Eton College as precentor and director of music began in 1875. In 1892, he was appointed principal of the Guildhall School of Music and was knighted by Queen Victoria the same year.

Barnby was a prolific composer, known for his oratorio "Rebekah," numerous anthems, service music, and 246 hymn tunes, published posthumously in 1897. He was also a fervent advocate of J.S. Bach's music, organizing significant performances of Bach's works, including the St John's Passion and St Matthew Passion.

Barnby's influence extended to music festivals, and he conducted the Cardiff Festivals in 1892 and 1895. He was a Fellow of the Royal Academy of Music and a member of the Philharmonic Society. Sir Joseph Barnby passed away in London and was buried in West Norwood Cemetery. His contributions to English choral music and his efforts to popularize sacred music remain influential.