Horace W. Henderson (November 22, 1904 – August 29, 1988) was an influential American jazz pianist, organist, arranger, and bandleader, known for his contributions to the swing era. Born in Cuthbert, Georgia, he was the younger brother of the renowned arranger Fletcher Henderson. Horace began studying piano at the age of 14 and attended Atlanta University and Wilberforce College, where he formed a band called the Collegians, featuring notable musicians Benny Carter and Rex Stewart.

Throughout his career, Henderson was recognized as a more modern pianist than his brother and was praised for his skillful arrangements. He led several bands, including the Horace Henderson Orchestra and the Dixie Stompers. In the late 1920s and early 1930s, he worked with Sammy Stewart and Don Redman, eventually joining his brother's orchestra as a pianist and arranger.

Horace Henderson's arrangements were featured in the repertoires of prominent orchestras led by Jimmie Lunceford, Charlie Barnet, Benny Goodman, and Fletcher Henderson. He also worked as an accompanist for Lena Horne and led his own bands in various cities, including Los Angeles, Minneapolis, Las Vegas, and Denver. Despite spending much of his life in the shadow of his brother, Horace Henderson's contributions to jazz, particularly his arrangements, left a lasting impact on the genre.