Friedrich Daniel Rudolf Kuhlau (11 September 1786 – 12 March 1832) was a German-Danish composer and pianist, recognized for his contributions to the late Classical and early Romantic periods. Born in Uelzen, Germany, Kuhlau lost his right eye in a childhood accident. Despite these early challenges, he became a prominent figure in the Danish Golden Age, known for his operatic and instrumental works.

Kuhlau fled to Copenhagen in 1810 to avoid conscription into Napoleon's army and became a naturalized Danish citizen. In Denmark, he gained fame as a concert pianist and composer, particularly for his operatic works and his role in introducing Beethoven's music to Danish audiences. His most celebrated work, the singspiel "Elverhøj" (Elves' Hill), is considered a cornerstone of Danish National Romanticism.

Throughout his career, Kuhlau was known for his prolific output, composing over 200 published works despite losing many manuscripts in a house fire. He was particularly noted for his flute compositions, earning him the nickname "Beethoven of the flute." His music, characterized by melodic charm and technical brilliance, includes piano sonatas, operas, and chamber music.

Kuhlau's legacy is marked by his influence on Danish music and his contributions to the flute repertoire. He died in Lyngby, Denmark, at the age of 45.