Feodosy Antonovich Rubtsov (December 30, 1904 – November 6, 1986) was a prominent Russian musicologist, folklorist, composer, and musical public figure. Born in Olsha, Mogilev Governorate, Rubtsov began his musical education in 1921 at the Smolensk People's Conservatory under M. I. Lebedev. He furthered his studies in music theory and composition with S. V. Panchenko, who encouraged him to document the folk songs of his region. Rubtsov graduated from the Leningrad Conservatory in 1931, where he studied composition with M. O. Steinberg, a disciple and son-in-law of N. A. Rimsky-Korsakov.

Rubtsov's career was marked by extensive fieldwork in Russian and Belarusian folk music. His first folklore expedition took place in 1936 in the Vologda region, followed by numerous others in Smolensk, Leningrad, and Pskov regions, as well as Belarus. He collected and studied primarily Russian and Belarusian folk songs, contributing significantly to the preservation and understanding of these traditions.

Throughout his career, Rubtsov held various editorial and academic positions, including serving as the chief editor of the Leningrad branch of the State Music Publishing House and as a senior researcher at the Leningrad Institute of Theatre, Music, and Cinematography. He became a docent at the Leningrad Conservatory in 1964 after defending his dissertation on the intonational connections in Slavic folk songs in 1963.

Rubtsov published several collections of folk songs, including "Folk Songs of the Vologda Region" (1938), "Belarusian Folk Songs" (1941), and "Folk Songs Recorded in the Leningrad Region" (1950). His work on the modal structure of Russian folk songs and the intonational relationships in Slavic ritual songs gained wide recognition.

Feodosy Rubtsov passed away in Leningrad and was buried in the cemetery of Repino. His legacy continues through his contributions to the study and preservation of Russian and Belarusian folk music.