Alfredo Boloña Jiménez (December 24, 1890 – 1964) was a prominent Cuban musician and composer, known for his significant contributions to the early development of the son cubano, a genre that would become foundational in Cuban music. Born in Havana, Boloña overcame physical limitations due to dwarfism to become a pivotal figure in the Cuban music scene for over fifty years.

Boloña was skilled in playing various instruments, including the marímbula, bongó, and tres. By 1910, he had already established himself as a notable musician in Havana, performing with the Los Apaches choral group and the Trío Oriental alongside Guillermo Castillo and Carlos Godínez. In 1915, he founded the Agrupación Boloña, a son group featuring notable musicians such as Hortensia Valerón, Manuel Menocal, Manuel Corona, Victoriano Lopéz, and Joaquín Velásquez.

In October 1926, Boloña's Sexteto Boloña recorded a series of tracks for Columbia Records in New York City, with the lineup including the celebrated singer Abelardo Barroso. These recordings were later made available on CD in the 1990s, preserving their historical significance. The Sexteto Boloña disbanded in 1935.

Boloña was also a prolific composer, with works such as "Güagüina yirabo," "Riquieza en flor," "A la permanente," "Aurora en Pekín," "Dame un besito," and "Te esperaré en la retreta" contributing to his enduring legacy in Cuban music.