Anton Diabelli (5 September 1781 – 7 April 1858) was an Austrian music publisher, editor, and composer, renowned for his waltz that inspired Ludwig van Beethoven's "Diabelli Variations." Born in Mattsee, near Salzburg, Diabelli was a musical prodigy, singing in the boys' choir at Salzburg Cathedral and studying under Michael Haydn. Initially trained for the priesthood, he entered a Bavarian monastery in 1800 but left in 1803 due to secularization.

Relocating to Vienna, Diabelli taught piano and guitar and worked as a music publisher's proofreader. In 1809, he composed the comic opera "Adam in der Klemme." By 1818, he co-founded the publishing firm Cappi & Diabelli, which gained fame for arranging popular music for amateur musicians. The firm notably published Franz Schubert's works, including "Erlkönig" in 1821, and continued to do so until a business fallout in 1823.

In 1824, Diabelli established his own publishing house, Diabelli & Co., and acquired a significant portion of Schubert's unpublished works after the composer's death in 1828. Diabelli's firm thrived, publishing "new" Schubert pieces for decades. He retired in 1851, and the firm eventually became part of August Cranz's company.

As a composer, Diabelli produced operettas, masses, songs, and numerous piano and guitar pieces, with his piano four-hand compositions remaining popular among amateurs. He passed away in Vienna at the age of 76.