Earl Hawley Robinson (July 2, 1910 – July 20, 1991) was an influential American composer, arranger, and folk music singer-songwriter from Seattle, Washington. Known for his left-leaning political views, Robinson's music often reflected his ideologies. He is best remembered for his cantata "Ballad for Americans" and songs such as "Joe Hill" and "Black and White." His work "The House I Live In," co-written with Lewis Allan, was a hit in the 1940s and was featured in the Academy Award-winning film of the same name.

Robinson's early musical education included violin, viola, and piano, and he studied composition at the University of Washington, earning a bachelor's degree and a teaching certificate in 1933. He was a member of Phi Mu Alpha Sinfonia, a men's music fraternity. In 1934, he moved to New York City to study under Hanns Eisler and Aaron Copland, and became involved in the WPA Federal Theatre Project and the anti-fascist movement. He served as the musical director at the Communist-run Camp Unity in New York.

During the 1940s, Robinson worked on film scores in Hollywood but was blacklisted due to his Communist affiliations. He returned to New York, where he led the music program at Elisabeth Irwin High School. His musical influences included classical music and American folk music, as well as artists like Carl Sandburg, Woody Guthrie, Lead Belly, Paul Robeson, and Pete Seeger.

Robinson's compositions were featured in several films, including "Muscle Beach" (1948) and "A Walk in the Sun" (1945). Despite being blacklisted, he continued to compose and perform, leaving a significant impact on American music. His son, Perry Robinson, became a renowned jazz clarinetist. Earl Robinson passed away in a car accident in Seattle in 1991 at the age of 81.