Raoul Joseph Auguste Breton was born on April 26, 1896, in Vierzon, Cher, France. He initially embarked on a career as a dancer before transitioning to music publishing in 1933. Breton discovered and published works by notable artists such as Damia, Mireille, and Jean Nohain. His most significant professional relationship was with Charles Trenet, whom he helped to achieve international fame by publishing many of his hits, including "Je chante," "Boum," and "La Mer."

Breton's publishing house, Éditions Raoul Breton, became a cornerstone of French chanson, representing artists like Charles Aznavour, Félix Leclerc, Gilbert Bécaud, and Jean-Jacques Debout. His catalog also included works by Anna Marly, Maurice Druon, Joseph Kessel, Marguerite Monnot, and Édith Piaf. Known for his discerning taste, Breton was a central figure in the Parisian music scene, hosting gatherings at his "Cours Breton" where he fostered talent and collaboration.

Breton was married to Rachel Breton, née Rachel Victorine Zaouï, whom he wed on March 12, 1936. He passed away on April 23, 1959, aboard the SS Liberté en route to New York. His wife continued his legacy, taking over the management of his publishing house. Raoul Breton is buried in Méré, Yvelines, where a memorial stands in his honor. His contributions to music publishing have left a lasting impact, and the Raoul Breton Prize was established in 1966 to encourage songwriters and composers.