The Berlin State Opera Orchestra, also known as the Staatskapelle Berlin, is one of the world's oldest orchestras, with roots tracing back to 1570. It originated as the Kurfurstliche Hofkapelle, established by Elector Joachim II in Berlin. Over the centuries, the orchestra evolved through various names and forms, including the Königliche Kapelle during the Kingdom of Prussia era. It became affiliated with the Royal Court Opera, established in 1742 by Frederick the Great, who was a notable patron of the arts.

The orchestra has been associated with many prominent musicians, including Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach, Franz Benda, and Johann Joachim Quantz. It began performing public concerts in the late 18th century, with its first concert for a wider audience held in 1783. The orchestra played a significant role in premiering works by composers such as Richard Wagner, Felix Mendelssohn, and Otto Nicolai.

Throughout the 19th and 20th centuries, the orchestra expanded its influence under the leadership of figures like Giacomo Meyerbeer and Richard Strauss. It became a leading part of Berlin's musical life, especially after the post-World War I revolution when it was renamed the Kapelle der Staatsoper. The orchestra was known for its association with modern music during the vibrant 1920s Berlin scene.

During the Nazi era, many of its great conductors left, but the orchestra continued to perform under the leadership of Herbert von Karajan from 1938 to 1945. After World War II, the orchestra was part of East Germany until reunification. Notably, Daniel Barenboim served as its Staatskapellmeister and was named "conductor for life" in 2000. Under his direction, the orchestra achieved milestones such as performing the first complete Ring cycle at the BBC Proms and the first live Bruckner symphony cycle in the United States.

In 2023, Christian Thielemann was appointed as the next General Music Director, set to begin in 2024. The orchestra remains a cornerstone of Berlin's cultural heritage, continuing its long tradition of excellence in opera and orchestral music.