Paul-Jean-Jacques Lacôme d'Estalenx (4 March 1838 – 12 December 1920) was a French composer known for his operettas and operas-bouffes, which gained popularity in France and internationally. Born in Le Houga, Gers, in Gascony, Lacôme was the only child of an artistic and musical family. He was proficient in playing several instruments, including the piano, flute, cornet, cello, and ophicleide. Lacôme studied under organist José Puig y Absubide in Aire-sur-Adour from 1857 to 1860.

He initially gained recognition by winning a magazine competition with his operetta "Le dernier des paladins," although it was never staged due to a change in the theatre's policy. Lacôme moved to Paris, where he wrote music criticism and composed more than 20 operettas between 1870 and the end of the century. His operetta "La Dot mal placée" (1873) was a significant success both in Paris and abroad, with notable performances in Barcelona, Naples, Madrid, and Austria. "Jeanne, Jeannette et Jeanneton" (1876) was his most successful work in France, running for over 200 performances.

Lacôme also composed songs, chamber music, and orchestral works, including the ballet "Le rêve d'Elias" (1899). He was involved in reviving operas from the revolutionary era for the centenary of the French Revolution in 1889, reorchestrating them for modern audiences. Lacôme retired in 1901, returning to Le Houga, where he became a local benefactor, founded a music school, and taught until 1912. He was honored as a Chevalier of the Legion of Honour. Some of his works were revived during World War I, reflecting a nostalgic desire for happier times. Lacôme died in Le Houga at the age of 82.