Robert Elisabeth Stolz (25 August 1880 – 27 June 1975) was an Austrian composer, songwriter, and conductor known for his contributions to operettas and film music. Born in Graz to a musically inclined family, Stolz was the son of conductor and composer Jakob Stolz and concert pianist Ida Bondy. He was a child prodigy, touring Europe as a pianist by the age of seven and studying at the Vienna Conservatory under Robert Fuchs and Engelbert Humperdinck.

Stolz's early career included conducting positions in Maribor, Salzburg, and Brno, and he later became the conductor at Vienna's Theater an der Wien in 1907. He was instrumental in the premieres of several operettas, including Oscar Straus's "Der tapfere Soldat" in 1908. After serving in World War I, Stolz moved to Berlin and began composing music for films, achieving notable success with the title waltz from "Zwei Herzen im Dreivierteltakt."

With the rise of Nazi Germany, Stolz returned to Vienna, where he became known for his song "Ungeküsst soll man nicht schlafen gehn." He actively helped smuggle Jews and political refugees across borders before relocating to the United States in 1940. In America, Stolz gained fame for his Viennese music concerts and received two Academy Award nominations for his film scores.

Returning to Vienna in 1946, Stolz continued to compose and conduct, making numerous recordings of operettas by composers such as Johann Strauss and Franz Lehár. He was honored as an Honorary Citizen of Vienna in 1970 and received Vienna's Grand Medal of Honour. Stolz's prolific output includes over 2,000 songs and numerous stage works, films, and ice revues. He passed away in Berlin in 1975, leaving a lasting legacy in Viennese light music.