Victor Sergeevich Kalinnikov (2 March 1870 – 23 February 1927) was a prominent Soviet choral composer, conductor, and pedagogue. He was the younger brother of the renowned symphonic composer Vasily Kalinnikov. Victor Kalinnikov pursued his education at the seminary in Oryol and later at the Moscow Philharmonic School, where he studied oboe and music theory. His career included playing in various theatre orchestras and teaching singing at Moscow schools. From 1899 to 1901, he led the orchestra of the Moscow Art Theatre. Kalinnikov was also associated with the Moscow Synodal School of Russian Orthodox Church music, where he both attended and later taught. During his time there, he composed 24 sacred choral settings for the Russian Orthodox All-Night Vigil and Divine Liturgy. From 1922 to 1926, he taught at the Moscow Conservatory. His compositions were well-received and popular among critics. Victor Kalinnikov passed away in Saltykovka, a suburb of Balashikha near Moscow.