Red Norvo, born Kenneth Norville on March 31, 1908, in Beardstown, Illinois, was a pioneering American jazz musician known for his work with the vibraphone, marimba, and xylophone. Dubbed "Mr. Swing," Norvo played a crucial role in establishing these instruments within the jazz genre. His career began in Chicago in 1925 with The Collegians, and he later performed with notable bands led by Paul Whiteman, Benny Goodman, Charlie Barnet, and Woody Herman.

Norvo was married to jazz singer Mildred Bailey from 1933 to 1942, and together they were known as "Mr. and Mrs. Swing." He recorded with prominent artists such as Billie Holiday, Dinah Shore, and Frank Sinatra. Notable recordings include "Dance of the Octopus," "Bughouse," "Knockin' on Wood," "Congo Blues," and "Hole in the Wall."

In 1933, Norvo recorded chamber jazz pieces like "In a Mist" and his own "Dance of the Octopus," showcasing his innovative approach to jazz. Despite initial resistance from record labels, these works remained influential. He led a swing orchestra from 1936 to 1942 and achieved chart success with hits like "Please Be Kind" and "Says My Heart."

Norvo's adaptability allowed him to embrace the bebop movement, collaborating with Charlie Parker and Dizzy Gillespie in 1945. By 1949, he formed a trio featuring vibes, guitar, and bass, further showcasing his versatility. Throughout his career, Norvo was celebrated for transforming the xylophone and vibraphone into vital components of jazz music. He passed away on April 6, 1999, in Santa Monica, California, leaving a lasting legacy as an innovator and performer in the jazz world.