The Lithuanian Chamber Orchestra (LCO), known in Lithuanian as Lietuvos kamerinis orkestras (LKO), is a prominent chamber orchestra based in Vilnius, Lithuania. It was founded in 1960 by the distinguished conductor Saulius Sondeckis, who led the orchestra until 2004. The LCO gave its inaugural performance on April 30, 1960, and has since become a celebrated cultural treasure of Lithuania.

The orchestra is renowned for its performances of works by Lithuanian composers and has premiered compositions by notable figures such as Alfred Schnittke, Arvo Pärt, and Pēteris Vasks. It is particularly noted for its affinity for the works of Bach and Mozart. The LCO gained independent status in 2004, and in 2008, violinist Sergei Krylov was appointed as the Artistic Director and Chief Conductor.

The LCO made history as the first Lithuanian orchestra to debut in the West at the Echternach Festival in Luxembourg in 1976. It has toured extensively across Europe, the USA, Japan, Argentina, Cuba, Canada, Egypt, and South Africa, performing at prestigious venues like the Musikverein in Vienna, Royal Festival Hall in London, and the Concertgebouw in Amsterdam. The orchestra has collaborated with celebrated soloists such as Mstislav Rostropovich, Yehudi Menuhin, and Evgeny Kissin, among others.

The orchestra has been a passionate ambassador of Lithuanian music worldwide, performing over 200 works by Lithuanian composers. It has also been involved in numerous world premieres and has inspired compositions by many celebrated authors, with several works dedicated to the orchestra and its founding conductor, Saulius Sondeckis.

Throughout its history, the LCO has produced over a hundred recordings released on major labels such as Deutsche Grammophon and Sony Classical. Its dynamic partnership with Sergei Krylov has been praised for its harmonious and conspiratorial relationship, showcasing a commitment to the highest professional standards and a wide-ranging repertoire.