Paul Hindemith (16 November 1895 – 28 December 1963) was a prominent German and American composer, music theorist, teacher, violist, and conductor. Born in Hanau, near Frankfurt, Hindemith was the eldest child of Robert Hindemith, a painter and decorator, and his wife Marie. He studied violin, conducting, and composition at Dr. Hoch's Konservatorium in Frankfurt. Hindemith earned his living early on by playing in cafes, dance bands, and theaters, which contributed to his practical approach to music composition.

During World War I, Hindemith was conscripted into the Imperial German Army, where he played bass drum and formed a string quartet. After the war, he became a major advocate of the Neue Sachlichkeit (New Objectivity) style, composing works such as "Kammermusik" and "Das Marienleben." He founded the Amar Quartet in 1921 and toured Europe, emphasizing contemporary music.

Hindemith's compositions often reflected a blend of traditional tonality with modern harmonic language, as detailed in his treatise "The Craft of Musical Composition." He was a leading figure in Gebrauchsmusik, or "utility music," which aimed to meet social needs rather than personal artistic expression. His notable works include the opera "Mathis der Maler," which faced opposition from Nazi authorities, leading to its ban.

In response to the political climate in Germany, Hindemith emigrated to Switzerland and later to the United States, where he taught at Yale University and the University of Zürich. His influence extended through his teaching, impacting many composers of the following generation. Hindemith's legacy includes a wide range of compositions, from chamber music to operas and symphonic works.