Rafael Hernández Marín was born on October 24, 1892, in Aguadilla, Puerto Rico. Coming from a humble background, he initially supported his family by rolling cigars but soon pursued his passion for music. By age twelve, he was studying music in San Juan and became proficient in several instruments, including the clarinet, tuba, violin, piano, and guitar. Hernández's early musical career included playing with the Cocolia Orchestra and the San Juan municipal band.

In 1917, during World War I, Hernández was recruited by jazz bandleader James Reese Europe to join the 369th Infantry Regiment's military band, known as the Harlem Hellfighters Band. This band is credited with introducing jazz to Europe, particularly in France and Britain.

After the war, Hernández embarked on a prolific career as a composer and musician. He formed several bands, including the Trío Borinquen and Conjunto Victoria, and composed numerous songs that became staples in Latin American music, such as "Lamento Borincano," "Capullito de alhelí," and "El Cumbanchero." His compositions spanned various genres, including canción, bolero, and guaracha.

Hernández's influence extended beyond Puerto Rico, as he lived and worked in Cuba and Mexico, where he directed the Fausto Theater orchestra and studied at the National Music Conservatory. He also served as the director of the orchestra at WIPR Radio in Puerto Rico.

In addition to his musical achievements, Rafael Hernández is recognized for founding minor league baseball in Puerto Rico. He passed away on December 11, 1965, in San Juan, Puerto Rico, leaving behind a rich legacy as one of the most influential Latin composers in history. His song "Preciosa," a tribute to Puerto Rico, remains a beloved anthem performed by many artists. Hernández was posthumously inducted into the International Latin Music Hall of Fame, cementing his status as a musical treasure of the Americas.