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César Franck
César Franck was a Belgian-French composer, pianist, organist, and music teacher, known for his contributions to the Romantic music era. Born on December 10, 1822, in Liège, which was then part of the United Kingdom of the Netherlands, Franck demonstrated early musical talent. His father, Nicolas-Joseph Franck, envisioned him as a prodigy akin to Franz Liszt and enrolled him at the Royal Conservatory of Liège in 1830. Franck's education continued in Paris, where he studied under notable teachers such as Anton Reicha.

Despite his father's ambitions for him as a performer, Franck eventually pursued a career that balanced performance, teaching, and composition. He became the titular organist at the Basilica of Saint Clotilde in Paris in 1858, a position he held for life. In 1872, he was appointed professor at the Paris Conservatoire, a role that required him to take French nationality.

Franck's compositions are celebrated for their integration of German structural ideas with French lyricism and harmonic color. He was influenced by composers like Beethoven, Liszt, and Wagner, and his works often employed cyclic forms, where thematic material recurs across movements. His notable compositions include the Symphony in D minor and the Violin Sonata, which are part of the standard classical repertoire.

Throughout his career, Franck was recognized for his improvisational skills on the organ and his influence on future generations of musicians. His students included prominent composers such as Vincent d'Indy and Louis Vierne. Franck's legacy is marked by his innovative approach to composition and his impact on both French and international music traditions. He passed away on November 8, 1890, in Paris, following complications from an accident earlier that year.
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